Kuchotsa Zovala Zam'madzi mu Shipyard

Themakampani otumiza katunduimayendetsa 90% ya malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi pano zili ndi zombo zamalonda zopitilira 100,000, kuphatikiza zonyamula zambiri,matanki, zotengera, katundu wamba, zombo, ndi zombo zonyamula anthu. Monga zikuwonetsera pachithunzi chili m'munsimu, sitima yapamadzi yamalonda imakhala ndi madera osiyanasiyana monga pansi pamadzi, malo otsetsereka a boot top, ma decks, matangi a ballast, topsides ndi superstructures, ndi zamkati mwa sitima. Zovala zosiyanasiyana zapamadzi ndizofunika komanso zimakonzedwa kuti ziteteze sitimayo kuti isachite dzimbiri, kutentha kapena moto, ndi kuipa. Njira yokutira imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za zokutira: achovala choyambirira, malaya apakati amodzi kapena angapo, ndi chovala chapamwamba.

Pansi pa chitetezo cha zokutira, sitimayo imatha kugwira ntchito kwa moyo wonse wazaka 20-30. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa masitima apamadzi ndi dzimbiri pamadzi zimachitika panthawi yamayendedwe apanyanja, zomwe zimafuna kuti sitimayo ayimitsidwe kuti ikonzedwe ndi kukonzedwanso pakadutsa zaka 3-5. Panthawi yokonza sitimayo, zinthu zakunja zomwe zili m'sitima zomatira monga mafuta, girisi, mchere, zamoyo zam'madzi, ndi matope, zimatsukidwa ndi madzi amphamvu kwambiri, kenako ndikuchotsa dzimbiri ndi zokutira pogwiritsa ntchito malo kapena kuyeretsa kwathunthu.

Kuphulika kwa abrasive (i.e., grit blasting) kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mpweya, kuthamanga kwa madzi, kapena mphamvu yapakati kuti ithamangitse chiwombankhanga chothamanga kwambiri kuti chichotse dzimbiri, sikelo ya mphero, dothi, ndi utoto wakale, komanso kuti pakhale malo ovuta. mbiri. Kuphulika kosasunthika kumachotsa zowonongeka pamwamba ndi zokutira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito abrasives. Komabe, sichingapange mawonekedwe apamwamba, choncho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazithunzi zakale osati zitsulo zatsopano.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kuphulitsa kouma kwakhala njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo akulu kuchotsa utoto wakale, dzimbiri, ndi zonyansa zina. Chithunzi (a) chikuwonetsa makina osavuta ogwiritsira ntchito pophulitsa mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, momwe mpweya woponderezedwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa zinthu zowononga kupita ku chogwirira ntchito. Kuphulika kwa mpweya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo otseguka chifukwa zombozo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi malo amkati. Zinthu zowononga monga mchere wachilengedwe (monga garnet ndi olivine), grits zachitsulo, malasha slag, copper slag, ndi zitsulo zina zazitsulo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pambuyo poletsa mchenga wa silica chifukwa cha silicosis.. Pochita izi, zinyalala zambiri zolimba zimapangidwira, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma abrasives oipitsidwa ndi tchipisi ta utoto. Kupitilira apo, kuphulika kowuma kowuma panja kumakhala ndi vuto lomwe likuchulukirachulukira potsata malamulo aboma ndi azaumoyo komanso zachilengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, khama layikidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa fumbi, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum blasting, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa fumbi., ndi chitukuko cha (semi-) makina otomatiki. Malamulo aboma ndi am'deralo akuletsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kowuma panja, motero kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zatsopano zaukadaulo monga kupeza njira zina zowulutsira mawu ndi njira zina.

Njira zophulitsira zonyowa zowononga zidapangidwa kuti zichepetse kutulutsa fumbi komanso kutulutsa zinyalala. Njira zowonongeka zonyowa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza sitimayo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuphulika kwa mpweya ndi kuwonjezera madzi (ie, kuphulika kwa nthunzi kapena kuphulika kwa slurry), ndi kuphulika kwa madzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa abrasive (ie, hydraulic blasting). Mu hydraulic blasting (Chithunzi (b)), madzi othamanga kwambiri (200–700 bar) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zomatira pamwamba. Mosiyana ndi kuphulika kwa slurry blasting (Chithunzi (c)), zoyambukira bwino zomwe zimaimitsidwa mumadzimadzi zimaonetsedwa pa liwiro lapamwamba ndi jeti ya mpweya woponderezedwa, kapena mocheperapo, pampu yapakati yothamanga kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi kuphulika kwa hydraulic, slurry blastingndi 'wofatsa', amakwaniritsa bwino, ndipo amamwa madzi ochepa. Komabe, poyerekezera ndi njira yowuma yowuma, njira zonsezi zimapanga mtsinje wowonjezera wa zinyalala, mwachitsanzo, madzi oipa.

Njira ina yodziwika bwino yophulitsira monyowa ndiyo kuphulitsa madzi popanda zotayira, zomwe zimatchedwa jetting madzi. Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) jetting water jetting ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zikukula mofulumira kwambiri zokonzekera pamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zombo. Mu UHP water jetting (Photo (d)), mpope wa UHP umakanikizira madzi opanda mchere mu ultrahigh-pressure (kawirikawiri 2000 bar osachepera)eam ndiyeno amadutsa m'milomo yozungulira yokhala ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono, ndikupanga mtsinje wophulika kwambiri kuchotsa utoto wakale, dzimbiri, ndi zowononga zina zapamtunda. Dongosololi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi vacuum suction system kuti atolere madzi otayira ndi zinyalala za utoto. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito abrasive media, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, njira yobwezeretsanso madzi pamalopo ndiyofunikira kuti madzi azigwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika.

Njira zina monga  dry ice blasting, cryogenic N₂Jetting, plasma depainting, ndi laser depainting zapangidwa ndipo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira mu njira yochotsa zokutira kuti kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala.

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