Kuvanaho inyanja ya Marine muri Shipyard

Uwitekainganda zo koherezakonte yo gutwara 90% yubucuruzi bwisi. Amato yisi yose arimo amato arenga 100.000, harimo nubwikorezi bwinshi,tankers, kontineri, imizigo rusange, feri, hamwe nubwato bwabagenzi. Nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto iri hepfo, ubwato bwabacuruzi busanzwe bugizwe nibice bitandukanye nko mu mazi yo munsi y’amazi, ahantu hejuru, hejuru, hejuru ya tanki, hejuru no hejuru yububiko, hamwe n’imbere. Ibirindiro bitandukanye byo mu nyanja ni ingenzi kandi birateguwe kugirango birinde hejuru yubwato kwangirika, ubushyuhe cyangwa umuriro, no guhumanya. Sisitemu yo gutwikira mubisanzwe irimo ibice byinshi byo gutwikira: aikoti ryambere, ikote rimwe cyangwa byinshi hagati, hamwe na kote.

Kurinda impuzu, ubwato burashobora gukora ubuzima bwimyaka 20-30. Ariko rero, kwangirika kw'ibiti no kubora hejuru yubwato bibaho mugihe cyo gutwara inyanja, bisaba ko ubwato buhagarara kugirango busanwe kandi bubungabungwe hagati yimyaka 3-5. Mugihe cyo gusana ubwato, ibintu byamahanga hejuru yubwato nkamavuta, amavuta, umunyu, ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bifatanye, hamwe na sime, byogejwe namazi yumuvuduko mwinshi, hanyuma bigakurwaho ingese hamwe nigitambaro hakoreshejwe ahantu cyangwa gusukura byuzuye.

Guturika gukabije (ni ukuvuga grit guturika) bifashisha umuvuduko wumwuka, umuvuduko wamazi, cyangwa imbaraga za centrifugal kugirango utere umuvuduko mwinshi wumuvuduko ukabije hejuru yubutaka kugirango ukureho ingese, igipimo cyurusyo, umwanda, hamwe n amarangi ashaje, no gukora ubuso butoroshye. umwirondoro. Kudaturika bidasubirwaho bikuraho ibintu byanduye no gutwikira udakoresheje imiti. Ariko, ntishobora gukora umwirondoro wubuso, nuko rero, ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubuso bwashushanyijeho aho kuba ibyuma bishya.

Kumyaka myinshi, guturika byumye byabaye uburyo bwiza kandi bwubukungu bwakoreshejwe hejuru yimiterere kugirango ukureho amarangi ashaje, ingese, nibindi byanduye. Ifoto (a) yerekana uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora bwo guturika kwumuyaga ukoreshwa cyane, aho umwuka ucuramye ukoreshwa mugukoresha ibikoresho byangiza kumurimo. Guturika k'umuyaga bikoreshwa ahantu hafunguye kubera ko ubwato ari bunini cyane ku kigo. Itangazamakuru ryangiza nka minerval naturel (urugero: garnet na olivine), ibyuma bya metallic, amakara yamakara, umuringa wumuringa, nibindi bikoresho bya metallurgiki byakoreshejwe nyuma yo guhagarika umucanga wa silika kubera silicose. Muri ubu buryo, havamo imyanda myinshi ikomeye, igizwe na abrasives zanduye hamwe na chip yo gusiga irangi. Byongeye kandi, guturika kumashanyarazi yumye bifite ikibazo cyiyongera mubijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko yubuzima n’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibidukikije. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, hashyizwe ingufu mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, harimo no gukoresha imyuka iturika, gukoresha ivumbi., hamwe no guteza imbere (igice-) sisitemu yikora. Amabwiriza ya leta ninzego zibanze arushaho kugabanya ikoreshwa ryumuyaga wumye, bityo bigashishikarizwa guteza imbere ibisubizo bishya byikoranabuhanga nko gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gutangaza amakuru hamwe nubuhanga.

Uburyo bwo guturika butose bwatunganijwe hagamijwe kugabanya imyuka ihumanya no kubyara imyanda. Uburyo butose bwo gukoresha bwifashishwa munganda zo gusana ubwato burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: guturika ikirere hamwe no kongeramo amazi (nukuvuga guturika ibyuka cyangwa guturika), hamwe no guturika amazi hiyongereyeho (ni ukuvuga guturika hydraulic). Muri hydraulic blasting (Ifoto (b)), amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi (200-700 bar) akoreshwa mugutwara abrasive hejuru. Ibinyuranyo, muguturika guturika (Ifoto (c)), ibintu byiza byahagaritswe mumazi byateganijwe kumuvuduko mwinshi nindege yumuyaga uhumanye, cyangwa ntibisanzwe, pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi. Ugereranije no guturika hydraulic, guturikani 'witonda', ugere ku ndunduro nziza, kandi ufite amazi make. Ariko, ugereranije nuburyo bwumye bwo gukuramo, ubwo buryo bwombi butanga imyanda yinyongera, ni ukuvuga amazi mabi.

Ubundi buryo buzwi cyane bwo guturika ni uguturika amazi nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kwitwa amazi. Umuvuduko w'amazi Ultrahigh (UHP) ni bumwe mu buryo bwo gukura bwihuta cyane bwifashishwa mu gusana ubwato. Mu mazi ya UHP (Ifoto (d)), pompe ya UHP ihindura amazi meza mumashanyarazi ya ultrahigh (mubisanzwe 2000 bar nkibisanzwe) stream hanyuma ikayinyuza mumuzingo uzengurutswe na orifike ntoya, ikora umugezi uturika cyane kugirango ukureho amarangi ashaje, ingese, nibindi byanduza hejuru. Ubusanzwe sisitemu ifite ibikoresho byo gukuramo vacuum yo gukusanya amazi mabi hamwe nuduce twangiza. Hatabayeho gukoresha itangazamakuru ryangiza, ubwinshi bwimyanda yabyaye iragabanuka cyane. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi ahakenewe ni ngombwa mugukoresha neza amazi meza.

Ubundi buhanga nko guturika urubura rwumye, cryogenic N.₂jetting, plasma deainting, hamwe na laser depainting byatejwe imbere kandi biragenda bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukuraho imyanda kugirango hagabanuke imyanda.

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