Ukususwa kwe-Marine Coating kwi-Shipyard

Iishishini lokuthumela ngenqanawaIbalelwa ekuthuthweni kwe-90% yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Iinqanawa zehlabathi zangoku zineenqanawa ezingaphezu kwe-100,000 zabarhwebi, kubandakanywa nabathwali abaninzi,iitanki, izikhongozeli, imithwalo ngokubanzi, izikhitshana, kunye neenqanawa zabakhweli. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi, inqanawa yabarhwebi eqhelekileyo iquka iindawo ezahlukileyo ezifana ne-underwater hull, indawo engaphezulu kwe-boot, idekhi, itanki ze-ballast, ii-topsides kunye ne-superstructures, kunye nenqanawa yangaphakathi. Iingubo zaselwandle ezahlukeneyo zibalulekile kwaye zilungiselelwe ukukhusela umphezulu wenqanawa ekudlekeni, kubushushu okanye emlilweni, kunye nokungcoliswa. Inkqubo yokwaleka ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya iileya ezininzi zokwaleka: aidyasi primer, idyasi enye okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nedyasi engaphezulu.

Ngaphantsi kokukhuselwa kweengubo, inqanawa inokusebenza ubomi benkonzo ye-20-30 iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthotywa komgangatho kunye nokuhlwa komphezulu wenqanawa kwenzeka ngexesha lothutho lwaselwandle, nto leyo efuna ukuba inqanawa ibotshwe ukuze ilungiswe kwaye igcinwe kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3–5. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwenqanawa, izinto zangaphandle enqanaweni ezigqumayo ezifana ne-oyile, igrisi, iityuwa, izinto eziphilayo zaselwandle ezincanyathiselweyo, kunye ne-slime, ziyahlanjwa ngamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu, zilandelwe kukususwa komhlwa kunye nezaleko ngokucoca indawo okanye ukuqhushumba okugcweleyo.

Uqhushumbo oluqhumayo (oko kukuthi, ukuqhushumba kwegrit) kusebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya, uxinzelelo lwamanzi, okanye amandla asecentrifugal ukuqhubela umsinga wesantya esiphezulu se-abrasive kumphezulu ukususa umhlwa, isikali sokusila, ubumdaka, kunye nepeyinti endala, nokudala umphezulu orhabaxa. iprofayile. Ukuqhuma okungabonakaliyo kususa ukungcola kwendawo kunye neengubo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-abrasives. Nangona kunjalo, ayikwazi ukwenza iprofayili yomphezulu, kwaye ngoko ke, isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala kwiprofayili endala kuneendawo ezintsha zentsimbi.

Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ukuqhushumba okomileyo kuyeyona ndlela isebenzayo neyongayo isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinkulu ukususa iipeyinti ezindala, umhlwa kunye nobunye ukungcola. Ifoto (a) ibonisa indlela elula yokusebenza kweyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ukudubula koxinzelelo lomoya, apho umoya ocinezelweyo usetyenziselwa ukutyhalela izinto ezirhawuzelayo kwindawo yokusebenza. Ukuqhushumba koxinzelelo lomoya kusetyenziswa kwindawo evulekileyo kuba iinqanawa zikhulu kakhulu kwiziko langaphakathi. Imithombo yeendaba ezirhabaxa ezifana neeminerali zendalo (umzekelo, igarnet kunye neolivine), iigrits zetsimbi, ilahle lelahle, copper slag, kunye nezinye metallurgical slags ziqhele ukusetyenziswa emva kokuvalwa kwesanti yesilica ngenxa ye-silica. Kule nkqubo, ubuninzi benkunkuma eqinileyo iveliswa, equkethe i-abrasives engcolileyo kunye nepeyinti yepeyinti. Ngaphaya koko, uqhushumbo lwe-abrasive evulekileyo lunomceli mngeni okhulayo malunga nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yezempilo yelizwe neyendawo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinzame ziye zatyalwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kothuli, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwe-vacuum blasting, ukusetyenziswa kwezithinteli zothuli., kunye nophuhliso lweenkqubo (semi-)ezizenzekelayo. Urhulumente kunye nemithetho yasekhaya iya inciphisa ukusetyenziswa koqhushumbo oluvulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezitsha zeteknoloji ezifana nokufumana enye imithombo yeendaba kunye nobuchule.

Iindlela zokuqhushumba ezifumileyo zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Iindlela ezimanzi ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweenqanawa zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ukuqhuma kwe-air abrasive kunye nokongezwa kwamanzi (oko kukuthi, ukuqhushumba komphunga okanye ukuqhuma kwe-slurry), kunye nokuqhunyiswa kwamanzi ngokudibanisa kwe-abrasive (oko kukuthi, ukuqhuma kwe-hydraulic blasting). Kwi-hydraulic blasting (Ifoto (b)), amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu (200–700 bar) asetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iziqhushumbisi phezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuqhushumbo oluludaka (Ifoto (c)), iibrasives ezintle ezixhonywe kulwelo ziboniswa ngesantya esiphezulu yijethi yomoya oxinanisiweyo, okanye ngaphantsi kwempompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuqhushumba kwehydraulic, ukuqhushumba okudaka'ithambile', ifikelela kwisiphelo esihle, kwaye isebenzisa amanzi aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nendlela eyomileyo ye-abrasive, zombini iindlela zobugcisa zivelisa umjelo wenkunkuma owongezelelweyo, oko kukuthi, amanzi amdaka.

Enye indlela edumileyo yokuqhushumba okumanzi kukuqhushumba kwamanzi ngaphandle kwe-abrasives, ebizwa ngokuba yi-water jetting. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu (UHP) lokujula kwamanzi yenye yeendlela ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zokulungiswa komphezulu ezisetyenziswa kwiiyadi zokulungisa iinqanawa. Kwi-UHP water jetting (Ifoto (d)), impompo ye-UHP icinezela amanzi ahlaziyekileyo kuxinzelelo lwe-ultrahigh (ngokuqhelekileyo i-2000 bar ubuncinci)eam kwaye emva koko iyigqithise kwimilomo ejikelezayo enemingxuma emincinci, yenze umjelo oqhumayo wokukhupha iipeyinti ezindala, umhlwa, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umphezulu. Inkqubo idla ngokuxhotyiswa ngenkqubo yokufunxa ivacuum ukuqokelela amanzi amdaka kunye nenkunkuma yepeyinti chips. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba e-abrasive, umthamo wenkunkuma owenziweyo uyancipha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokurisayikilisha kwamanzi kwindawo ibalulekile kusetyenziso oluzinzileyo lwamanzi acocekileyo.

Obunye ubuchule obufana nokuqhushumba komkhenkce okomileyo, i-cryogenic N₂ijetting, iplasma depainting, kunye nelaser depainting ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokwandayo kwinkqubo yokususa udaka ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

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