Ukususwa Kwezingubo Zasolwandle E-Shipyard

Iimboni yemikhumbiI-akhawunti yokuthutha ama-90% ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imikhumbi yomhlaba yamanje inemikhumbi yabathengisi engaphezu kuka-100,000, okuhlanganisa nokuthwala ngobuningi,amathangi, iziqukathi, impahla evamile, izikebhe, nemikhumbi yabagibeli. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, umkhumbi womthengisi ojwayelekile uhlanganisa izindawo ezihlukile ezifana ne-underwater hull, indawo engaphezulu kwe-boot, amadekhi, amathangi e-ballast, ama-topsides nama-superstructures, kanye nengaphakathi lomkhumbi. Izingubo zasolwandle ezihlukene zibalulekile futhi zenziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvikelwe umkhumbi ekugqwaleni, ekushiseni noma emlilweni, nasekungcoleni. Isistimu yokumboza ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izingqimba ezimbalwa zokumboza: aijazi le-primer, ijazi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu eliphakathi, nejazi langaphezulu.

Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwezingubo, umkhumbi ungasebenza impilo yonke yesevisi yeminyaka engu-20-30. Kodwa-ke, ukonakala kokumboza nokugqwala kwendawo yomkhumbi kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle, okudinga ukuthi umkhumbi umiswe ukuze ulungiswe futhi ulungiswe ngezikhawu zeminyaka engu-3–5. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa komkhumbi, izinto zangaphandle ezindaweni ezimboza umkhumbi njengamafutha, amafutha, usawoti, izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezinamathiselwe, ne-slime, ziwashwa ngamanzi anomfutho omkhulu, okulandelwa ukususwa kokugqwala nama-coatings ngokuhlanza indawo noma ukuqhuma okugcwele.

Ukuqhuma kwe-abrasive (okungukuthi, i-grit blasting) kusebenzisa umfutho womoya, umfutho wamanzi, noma amandla aphakathi nendawo ukuze kuqhutshekiswe umfudlana wesivinini esiphezulu we-abrasive endaweni ukuze kususwe ukugqwala, isikali sokugaya, ukungcola, nopende abadala, nokudala indawo embi kakhulu. iphrofayili. Ukuqhuma okunganabrasive kususa ukungcola okungaphezulu nama-coatings ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iziqhumane. Kodwa-ke, ayikwazi ukudala iphrofayili engaphezulu, ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi indawo endala enephrofayili kunezinsimbi ezintsha.

Iminyaka eminingi, ukuqhunyiswa okomile kwe-abrasive bekuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu neyongayo esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu ukususa opende abadala, ukugqwala, nokunye ukungcola. Isithombe (a) sibonisa indlela elula yokusebenza yokuqhuma komfutho womoya osetshenziswa kakhulu, lapho kusetshenziswa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze uqhubekisele izinto ezilimazayo kucezu lokusebenza. Ukuqhuma komfutho womoya kusetshenziswa endaweni evulekile ngoba imikhumbi mikhulu kakhulu endaweni yasendlini. Imidiya ehuquzelayo efana namaminerali emvelo (isb., i-garnet ne-olivine), i-metallic grits, i-coal slag, i-copper slag, nezinye i-metallurgical slags isetshenziswe ngokuvamile ngemva kokuvinjelwa kwesihlabathi se-silica ngenxa ye-silicosis.. Kule nqubo, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lemfucuza eqinile, equkethe ama-abrasives angcolile kanye nama-chips opende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhunyiswa kwe-abrasive emoyeni ovulekile kunenselelo ekhulayo mayelana nokuhambisana nemithetho yezempilo yezwe neyendawo kanye nemvelo. Kuze kube manje, kuye kwatshalwa imizamo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezintuli, okuhlanganisa nokuqhunyiswa kwe-vacuum blasting, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezicindezela uthuli., kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasistimu (semi-)azenzakalelayo. Imithetho kahulumeni kanye neyendawo iya ngokuya ibeka imingcele ekusetshenzisweni kwesiqhumane esivulekile, ngaleyo ndlela igqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuthola enye imidiya yokuqhuma kanye namasu.

Izindlela zokuqhumisa okunama-abrasive ezimanzi zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezintuli kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza. Izindlela zokuqhumisa ezimanzi ezisetshenziswa embonini yokulungisa umkhumbi zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukuqhunyiswa kwe-air abrasive kanye nokwengezwa kwamanzi (okungukuthi, ukuqhuma komhwamuko noma ukuqhuma kodaka), kanye nokuqhuma kwamanzi ngokuhlanganisa okulimazayo (okungukuthi, ukuqhuma kwe-hydraulic). Ku-hydraulic blasting (Isithombe (b)), amanzi anomfutho ophezulu (200–700 bar) asetshenziselwa ukushayela ama-abrasive phezulu. Ngokuphambene, ekuqhunyisweni kodaka (Isithombe (c)), ama-abrasive amahle alengiswe oketshezini aboniswa ngesivinini esiphezulu ngejethi lomoya ocindezelwe, noma kancane kancane, iphampu emaphakathi inomfutho ophezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqhunyiswa kwe-hydraulic, ukuqhuma kwe-slurry'ithambile', ifinyelela isiphetho esihle, futhi isebenzisa amanzi aphansi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela eyomile yokuhubhuka, zombili lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zikhiqiza umfudlana owengeziwe, okungukuthi, amanzi angcolile.

Enye indlela edumile yokuqhuma okumanzi ukuqhuma kwamanzi ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi iziqhumane, okubizwa ngokuthi i-water jetting. I-Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) jetting yamanzi ingenye yezindlela ezikhula ngokushesha zokulungisa indawo ezisetshenziswa emayadini okulungisa imikhumbi. Ku-UHP water jetting (Isithombe (d)), iphampu ye-UHP icindezela amanzi ahlanzekile abe yi-ultrahigh-pressure (imvamisa engu-2000 bar okungenani)eam bese iyidlulisa emibhobho ejikelezayo enezingobo ezincane, yenze umfudlana oqhumayo ukuze kukhishwe opende abadala, ukugqwala, nokunye ukungcola. Isistimu ivamise ukuhlonyiswa ngohlelo lokumunca i-vacuum ukuqoqa amanzi angcolile kanye nama-chips opende odoti. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ye-abrasive, inani lemfucuza ekhiqizwayo liyancipha kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwamanzi esizeni lubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe amanzi ahlanzekile ngendlela eqhubekayo.

Amanye amasu afana nokuqhuma kweqhwa okomile, i-cryogenic N₂ijetting, i-plasma depainting, kanye ne-laser depainting seyenziwe futhi isetshenziswa ngokwandayo ohlelweni lokususa upende ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.

Siyakwamukela ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi yethuwww.cnbstec.comukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.